Scope and objective definition of the Digital Twin

Level	Designation	Description	Goal
Level 1 – Emulation	Hardware emulation	Digital reproduction of the I/O layer (signals, sensors, actuators)	SoftFAT, function testing, communication validation
Level 2 – Simulation	Functional simulation	Extension with physical behavior (movement, flow, forces)	Validation of sequences, process times
Level 3 – Mathematical model	Physically describable behavior	Modeling based on mathematical equations or AI approximation	Prediction, optimization, “Learning Twin”
Level 4 – Learning Digital Twin	Data-driven model	Real-time comparison with process data, continuous adjustment	Condition diagnosis, predictive maintenance